Functional Emesis

The involvement of TRPV1 in emesis and anti-emesis

Diverse transmitter systems (e.g. acetylcholine, dopamine, endocannabinoids, endorphins, glutamate, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, substance P) have been implicated in the pathways by which nausea and vomiting are induced and are targets for anti-emetic drugs (e.g. 5-hydroxytryptamine3 and tachykinin NK1 antagonists). The involvement of TRPV1 in emesis was discovered in the early 1990s and may...

Anaesthesia, movement and emesis.

One hundred and eighty-two women undergoing dilatation and curettage were allocated randomly to receive premedication comprising temazepam, papaveretum-hyoscine or placebo. The temazepam recipients reported significantly fewer episodes of postoperative nausea. Movement was blamed by 66% of patients who identified a cause for nausea. These patients had higher scores on a motion sickness suscepti...

Neuropharmacology of chemotherapy-induced emesis.

5-HT3 receptors and emesis

Nausea and vomiting. Nausea and vomiting is a major problem which occurs during and after the treatment with certain drugs like anesthetics, opioidanalgesics or cytostatics. Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is called the “big” little problem. As a consequence, the choice of the anesthetic drug(s) plays a role in preventing PONV [Apfel et al., Anesthesiology, 1999; Eberhart et al., Eur J...

Management of chemotherapy induced emesis

Important progress has been achieved in the last few years in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting thanks to the introduction in clinical practice first of the 5-HT3 antagonists and of the NK1 antagonists more recently. To prevent acute emesis induced by cisplatin/moderately emetogenic chemotherapy, a combination of aprepitant plus a 5-HT3 antagonist and dexamethasone/a 5-...